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The following events occurred in September 1961: ==September 1, 1961 (Friday)== *The Soviet Union resumed nuclear testing after a moratorium of three years. Neither the U.S. nor the U.S.S.R. had exploded a nuclear bomb since 1958.〔"U.S. Bares Soviet A-Test", ''Milwaukee Sentinel'', September 2, 1961, p1〕 The Soviets exploded 45 bombs over 65 days.〔George Dyson, ''Project Orion: The True Story of the Atomic Spaceship'' (Macmillan, 2002) p232〕 *The Eritrean War of Independence began. The first shot was fired by an Eritrean Liberation Front member Hamid Idris Awate, leader of a group of 11 fighters, against Ethiopian government forces at the Barka district. Awate would be killed in 1962, but the ELF would continue to gather members.〔Alexander De Waal, ''Evil Days: Thirty Years of War and Famine in Ethiopia'' (Human Rights Watch, 1991) p40〕 *TWA Flight 529 crashed at 2:05 am local time shortly after taking off from Chicago's Midway Airport. The Constellation airplane impacted in a cornfield near Hinsdale, Illinois, killing all 78 persons on board. At the time, it was the worst single plane disaster in American history.〔"CHICAGO PLANE CRASH KILLS 78", ''Miami News'', September 1, 1961, p1; 〕 A later investigation concluded that the accident happened after a bolt fell off of the elevator boost system, causing the plane to suddenly pitch upward and stall. *The first meeting of the Non-Aligned Movement took place in Belgrade as the leaders of 24 nations, aligned to neither the U.S. nor the U.S.S.R., gathered for a five-day conference hosted by Yugoslavia's President Josip Broz Tito.〔"A-War, Colonialism Preoccupy Neutrals", ''Milwaukee Sentinel'', September 2, 1961, p2; "Neturals Close Parley, Beg Giants For Peace", ''Miami News'', September 6, 1961, p1; Raja R. Mehrotra, ''Nehru: Man Among Men'' (Mittal Publications, 1990) p58〕 *The Jülich radio transmitter was handed over to the Deutsche Bundespost (German Federal Post) to establish the German foreign broadcasting service, "Deutsche Welle". *The Federation of Malaya signed an agreement giving Singapore the right to draw up to gallons of water per day collectively from the Tebrau River, the Scudai River, the Pontian Reservoir, and the Gunung Pulai Reservoir, until 2011. *Born: Dee Dee Myers, first woman to serve as the White House Press Secretary (1993–94), in Quonset Point, Rhode Island; and Kateryna Yushchenko, American-born First Lady of Ukraine from 2005 to 2010 as wife of Ukraine President Viktor Yushchenko, in Chicago *Born: Jody Chiang, Taiwanese singer, in Chiayi *Died: William Z. Foster, 80, former General Secretary of the Communist Party USA from 1924 to 1957. In the 1932 U.S. presidential election, Foster received 103,307 votes. Foster had been hospitalized in Moscow at the time of his death.〔"Foster, Yank Red, Dies", ''Miami News'', September 1, 1961, p4A〕 *Died: Eero Saarinen, 51, Finnish architect and designer 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「September 1961」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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